Leaders of Germany!

Leaders of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)

Federal Presidents

Karl Arnold 7 Sep 1949 - 12 Sep 1949 (+1958) CDU (acting) Theodor Heuss 12 Sep 1949 - 12 Sep 1959 (+1963) FDP Karl Heinrich Lübke 12 Sep 1959 - 1 Jul 1969 (+1972) CDU Gustav Heinemann 1 Jul 1969 - 1 Jul 1974 (+1976) SPD Walter Scheel 1 Jul 1974 - 1 Jul 1979 FDP Karl Carstens 1 Jul 1979 - 1 Jul 1984 (+1992) CDU Richard von Weizsäcker 1 Jul 1984 - 1 Jul 1994 CDU Roman Herzog 1 Jul 1994 - 1 Jul 1999 CDU Johannes Rau 1 Jul 1999 - 1 Jul 2004 (+2006) SPD Horst Köhler 1 Jul 2004 - 31 May 2010 CDU Jens Böhrnsen 31 May 2010 - 30 Jun 2010 SPD (acting) Christian Wulff 30 Jun 2010 - 17 Feb 2012 CDU Horst Seehofer 17 Feb 2012 - CSU (acting)

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Federal Chancellors

Konrad Adenauer 15 Sep 1949 - 16 Oct 1963 (+1967) CDU Ludwig Erhard 16 Oct 1963 - 1 Dec 1966 (+1977) CDU Kurt Georg Kiesinger 1 Dec 1966 - 21 Oct 1969 (+1988) CDU Willy Brandt 21 Oct 1969 - 7 May 1974 (+1992) SPD Walter Scheel 7 May 1974 - 16 May 1974 FDP (acting) Helmut Schmidt 16 May 1974 - 1 Oct 1982 SPD Helmut Kohl 1 Oct 1982 - 27 Oct 1998 CDU Gerhard Schröder 27 Oct 1998 - 22 Nov 2005 SPD Angela Merkel 22 Nov 2005 - CDU

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Federal Vice-Chancellors

Franz Blücher 1949-1957 (+1959) FDP, FVP Ludwig Erhard 1957-1963 (+1977) CDU Erich Mende 1963-1966 (+1998) FDP Hans-Christoph Seebohm 1966 (+1967) CDU Willy Brandt 1966-1969 (+1992) SPD Walter Scheel 1969-1974 FDP Hans-Dietrich Genscher 1974-1982 FDP Egon Franke 1982 (+1995) SPD Hans-Dietrich Genscher 1982-1992 FDP Jürgen Möllemann 1992-1993 (+2003)k FDP Klaus Kinkel 1993-1998 FDP Joschka Fischer 1998-2005 Die Grünen Franz Müntefering 2005-2007 SPD Frank-Walter Steinmeier2007-2009 SPD Guido Westerwelle 2009-2011 FDP Philipp Rösler 2011- FDP

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Ministers of Foreign Affairs

Konrad Adenauer 1951-1955 (+1967) CDU Heinrich von Brentano 1955-1961 (+1964) CDU Gerhard Schröder 1961-1966 (+1989) CDU Willy Brandt 1966-1969 (+1992) SPD Walter Scheel 1969-1974 FDP Hans-Dietrich Genscher 1974-1982 FDP Helmut Schmidt 1982 SPD Hans-Dietrich Genscher 1982-1992 FDP Klaus Kinkel 1992-1998 FDP Joschka Fischer 1998-2005 Die Grünen Frank-Walter Steinmeier 2005-2009 SPD Guido Westerwelle 2009- FDP

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Ministers of Finance

Fritz Schäffer 1949-1957 (+1965) CSU Franz Etzel 1957-1961 (+1970) CDU Heinz Starke 1961-1962 (+2001) FDP Rolf Dahlgrün 1962-1966 (+1969) FDP Kurt Schmücker 1966 (+1996) CDU Franz-Josef Strauss 1966-1969 (+1988) CSU Alex Möller 1969-1971 (+1985) SPD Karl Schiller 1971-1972 (+1994) SPD Helmut Schmidt 1972-1974 SPD Hans Eberhard Apel 1974-1978 (+2011) SPD Hans Matthöfer 1978-1982 (+2009) SPD Manfred Lahnstein 1982 SPD Gerhard Stoltenberg 1982-1989 (+2001) CDU Theo Waigel 1989-1998 CSU Oskar Lafontaine 1998-1999 SPD Werner Müller 1999 n/p (acting) Hans Eichel 1999-2005 SPD Peer Steinbrück 2005-2009 SPD Wolfgang Schäuble 2009- CDU

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Ministers of Economy

Ludwig Erhard 1949-1963 (+1977) CDU Kurt Schmücker 1963-1966 (+1996) CDU Karl Schiller 1966-1972 (+1994) SPD Helmut Schmidt 1972 SPD Hans Friderichs 1972-1977 FDP Otto Graf Lambsdorff 1977-1982 (+2009) FDP Manfred Lahnstein 1982 SPD Otto Graf Lambsdorff 1982-1984 (+2009) FDP Martin Bangemann 1984-1988 FDP Helmut Haussmann 1988-1991 FDP Jürgen Möllemann 1991-1993 (+2003)k FDP Günther Rexrodt 1993-1998 (+2004) FDP Werner Müller 1998-2002 n/p Wolfgang Clement 2002-2005 SPD Michael Glos 2005-2009 CSU Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg 2009 CSU Rainer Brüderle 2009-2011 FDP Philipp Rösler 2011- FDP

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Ministers of Defence

Theodor Blank 1955-1956 (+1972) CDU Franz-Josef Strauss 1956-1963 (+1988) CSU Kai-Uwe von Hassel 1963-1966 (+1997) CDU Gerhard Schröder 1966-1969 (+1989) CDU Helmut Schmidt 1969-1972 SPD Georg Leber 1972-1978 SPD Hans Eberhard Apel 1978-1982 (+2011) SPD Manfred Wörner 1982-1988 (+1994) CDU Rupert Scholz 1988-1989 CDU Gerhard Stoltenberg 1989-1992 (+2001) CDU Volker Rühe 1992-1998 CDU Rudolf Scharping 1998-2002 SPD Peter Struck 2002-2005 SPD Franz Josef Jung 2005-2009 CDU Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg 2009-2011 CSU Thomas de Maizière 2011- CDU

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Ministers of the Interior

Gustav Heinemann 1949-1950 (+1976) CDU Robert Lehr 1950-1953 (+1956) CDU Gerhard Schröder 1953-1961 (+1989) CDU Hermann Höcherl 1961-1965 (+1989) CSU Paul Lücke 1965-1968 (+1976) CDU Ernst Benda 1968-1969 (+2009) CDU Hans-Dietrich Genscher 1969-1974 FDP Werner Maihofer 1974-1978 (+2009) FDP Gerhart Baum 1978-1982 FDP Jürgen Schmude 1982 SPD Friedrich Zimmermann 1982-1989 CSU Wolfgang Schäuble 1989-1991 CDU Rudolf Seiters 1991-1993 CDU Manfred Kanther 1993-1998 CDU Otto Schily 1998-2005 SPD Wolfgang Schäuble 2005-2009 CDU Thomas de Maizière 2009-2011 CDU Hans-Peter Friedrich 2011- CSU

(Source: Rulers, by Ben Schemmel)

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Presidents of the Bundestag

Erich Köhler 1949-1950 (+1958) CDU Hermann Ehlers 1950-1954 (+) CDU Eugen Gerstenmaier 1954-1969 (+1986) CDU Kai-Uwe von Hassel 1969-1972 (+1997) CDU Annemarie Renger 1972-1976 (+2008) SPD Karl Carstens 1976-1979 (+1992) CDU Richard Stücklen 1979-1983 (+2002) CSU Rainer Barzel 1983-1984 (+2006) CDU Philipp Jenninger 1984-1988 CDU Rita Süssmuth 1988-1998 CDU Wolfgang Thierse 1998-2005 SPD Norbert Lammert 2005- CDU

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Presidents of the Bundesrat

Karl Arnold 1949-1950 (+1958) CDU Hans Ehard 1950-1951 (+1980) CSU Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf 1951-1952 (+1961) SPD Reinhold Maier 1952-1953 (+1971) FDP Georg August Zinn 1953-1954 (+1976) SPD Peter Altmeier 1954-1955 (+1977) CDU Kai-Uwe von Hassel 1955-1956 (+1997) CDU Kurt Sieveking 1956-1957 (+1986) CDU Willy Brandt 1957-1958 (+1992) SPD Wilhelm Kaisen 1958-1959 (+1979) SPD Franz Josef Röder 1959-1960 (+1979) CDU Franz Meyers 1960-1961 (+2002) CDU Hans Ehard 1961-1962 (+1980) CSU Kurt Georg Kiesinger 1962-1963 (+1988) CDU Georg Diederichs 1963-1964 (+1983) SPD Georg August Zinn 1964-1965 (+1976) SPD Peter Altmeier 1965-1966 (+1977) CDU Helmut Lemke 1966-1967 (+1990) CDU Klaus Schütz 1967-1968 SPD Herbert Weichmann 1968-1969 (+1983) SPD Franz Josef Röder 1969-1970 (+1979) CDU Hans Koschnick 1970-1971 SPD Heinz Kühn 1971-1972 (+1992) SPD Alfons Goppel 1972-1973 (+1991) CSU Hans Filbinger 1973-1974 (+2007) CDU Alfred Kubel 1974-1975 (+1999) SPD Albert Osswald 1975-1976 (+1996) SPD Bernhard Vogel 1976-1977 CDU Gerhard Stoltenberg 1977-1978 (+2001) CDU Dietrich Stobbe 1978-1979 SPD Hans-Ulrich Klose 1979-1980 SPD Werner Zeyer 1980-1981 (+2000) CDU Hans Koschnick 1981-1982 SPD Johannes Rau 1982-1983 (+2006) SPD Franz Josef Strauss 1983-1984 (+1988) CSU Lothar Späth 1984-1985 CDU Ernst Albrecht 1985-1986 CDU Holger Börner 1986-1987 (+2006) SPD Walter Wallmann 1987 CDU Bernhard Vogel 1987-1988 CDU Björn Engholm 1988-1989 SPD Walter Momper 1989-1990 SPD Henning Voscherau 1990-1991 SPD Alfred Gomolka 1991-1992 CDU Berndt Seite 1992 CDU Oskar Lafontaine 1992-1993 SPD Klaus Wedemeier 1993-1994 SPD Johannes Rau 1994-1995 (+2006) SPD Edmund Stoiber 1995-1996 CSU Erwin Teufel 1996-1997 CDU Gerhard Schröder 1997-1998 SPD Hans Eichel 1998-1999 SPD Roland Koch 1999 CDU Kurt Biedenkopf 1999-2000 CDU Kurt Beck 2000-2001 SPD Klaus Wowereit 2001-2002 SPD Wolfgang Böhmer 2002-2003 CDU Dieter Althaus 2003-2004 CDU Matthias Platzeck 2004-2005 SPD Peter Harry Carstensen 2005-2006 CDU Harald Ringstorff 2006-2007 SPD Ole von Beust 2007-2008 CDU Peter Müller 2008-2009 CDU Jens Böhrnsen 2009-2010 SPD Hannelore Kraft 2010- SPD

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Defeated electoral candidates to Federal Chancellor

1949 Kurt Schumacher (+1952) SPD 1953 Erich Ollenhauer (+1963) SPD 1957 Erich Ollenhauer (+1963) SPD 1961 Willy Brandt (+1992) SPD 1965 Willy Brandt (+1992) SPD 1969 Kurt Georg Kiesinger (+1988) CDU 1972 Rainer Barzel (+2006) CDU 1976 Helmut Kohl CDU 1980 Franz-Josef Strauss (+1988) CSU 1983 Hans-Jochen Vogel SPD 1987 Johannes Rau (+2006) SPD 1990 Oskar Lafontaine SPD 1994 Rudolf Scharping SPD 1998 Helmut Kohl CDU 2002 Edmund Stoiber CSU 2005 Gerhard Schröder SPD 2009 Frank-Walter Steinmeier SPD

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Chairmen of SPD

Kurt Schumacher 1946-1952 (+) Erich Ollenhauer 1952-1963 (+) Willy Brandt 1964-1987 (+1992) Hans-Jochen Vogel 1987-1991 Björn Engholm 1991-1993 Johannes Rau 1993 (+2006) (acting) Rudolf Scharping 1993-1995 Oskar Lafontaine 1995-1999 Gerhard Schröder 1999-2004 Franz Müntefering 2004-2005 Matthias Platzeck 2005-2006 Kurt Beck 2006-2008 Franz Müntefering 2008-2009 Sigmar Gabriel 2009-

SPD was founded in 1875.

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Chairmen of CDU

Konrad Adenauer 1945-1966 (+1967) Ludwig Erhard 1966-1967 (+1977) Kurt Georg Kiesinger 1967-1971 (+1988) Rainer Barzel 1971-1973 (+2006) Helmut Kohl 1973-1998 Wolfgang Schäuble 1998-2000 Angela Merkel 2000-

CDU was founded in 1945.

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Chairmen of CSU

Hans Ehard 1946-1955 (+1980) Hanns Seidel 1955-1961 (+1961) Franz-Josef Strauss 1961-1988 (+) Theo Waigel 1988-1999 Edmund Stoiber 1999-2007 Erwin Huber 2007-2008 Horst Seehofer 2008-

CSU was founded in 1946.

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Chairmen of FDP

Theodor Heuss 1948-1949 (+1963) Franz Blücher 1949-1954 (+1959) Thomas Dehler 1954-1957 (+1967) Reinhold Maier 1957-1960 (+1971) Erich Mende 1960-1968 (+1998) Walter Scheel 1968-1974 Hans-Dietrich Genscher 1974-1985 Martin Bangemann 1985-1988 Otto Graf Lambsdorff 1988-1993 (+2009) Klaus Kinkel 1993-1995 Wolfgang Gerhardt 1995-2001 Guido Westerwelle 2001-2011 Philipp Rösler 2011-

FDP was founded in 1948.

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Co-Speakers/Co-Chairmen of Bündnis 90/Die Grünen

Herbert Gruhl (+1993) + August Haussleiter (+1989) + Helmut Neddermeyer 1980 August Haussleiter (+1989) + Petra Kelly (+1992)s + Norbert Mann 1980 Dieter Burgmann + Petra Kelly (+1992)s + Norbert Mann 1980-1981 Dieter Burgmann + Petra Kelly (+1992) + Manon Maren-Grisebach 1981-1982 Wilhelm Knabe + Manon Maren-Grisebach + Rainer Trampert 1982-1983 Wilhelm Knabe + Rebekka Schmidt + Rainer Trampert 1983-1984 Lukas Beckmann + Jutta Ditfurth + Rainer Trampert 1984-1987 Jutta Ditfurth + Regina Michalik + Christian Schmidt 1987-1989 Ralf Fücks + Ruth Hammerbacher + Verena Krieger 1989-1990 Renate Damus + Heide Rühle + Christian Ströbele 1990-1991 Ludger Volmer + Christine Weiske 1991-1993 Ludger Volmer + Marianne Birthler 1993-1994 Jürgen Trittin + Krista Sager 1994-1996 Jürgen Trittin + Gunda Röstel 1996-1998 Antje Radcke + Gunda Röstel 1998-2000 Renate Künast + Fritz Kuhn 2000-2001 Claudia Roth + Fritz Kuhn 2001-2002 Angelika Beer + Reinhard Bütikofer 2002-2004 Claudia Roth + Reinhard Bütikofer 2004-2008 Claudia Roth + Cem Özdemir 2008-

Die Grünen was founded in 1980. In 1993 it was merged with Bündnis 90, a party based on the former GDR. (Source: Rulers, by Ben Schemmel)

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Chairmen of PDS and Die Linkspartei.PDS (1990-2007)

Gregor Gysi 1990-1993 Lothar Bisky 1993-2000 Gabi Zimmer 2000-2003 Lothar Bisky 2003-2007

PDS evolved from the previous Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED, communist), the former single ruling party in GDR. SED became SED-PDS on 15 Dec 1989 and PDS on 4 Feb 1990. On 17 Jul 2005 the PDS adopted the name of The Left Party.PDS. On 16 Jun 2007 it merged with the WASG to create The Left.

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Co-Leaders of WASG (2005-2007)

Christine Buchholz + Klaus Ernst + Thomas Händel + Axel Troost 2005-2007

WASG was founded on 22 Jan 2005 by splinters of SPD and other lefitst polititians. On 16 Jun 2007 it merged with The Left Party.PDS to create The Left.

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Co-Leaders of Die Linke

Lothar Bisky + Oskar Lafontaine 2007-2010 Gesine Lötzsch + Klaus Ernst 2010-

Die Linke was founded on 16 Jun 2007 as the merger of The Left Party.PDS and the WASG.

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Chairmen of REP

Franz Handlos 1983-1985 Franz Schönhuber 1985-1994 (+2005) Rolf Schlierer 1994-

(List courtesy of Karl Stas)

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Leader of DVU

Gerhard Frey 1987-2009 Matthias Faust 2009-

DVU was founded in 1971 as a non-partisan organization by G. Frey. Since Mar 1987 it contitued as a party properly with the name DVU-Liste D. In 1991 it changed its name to simply DVU. (List courtesy of Karl Stas)

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Chairmen of NPD

Fritz Thielen 1964-1967 Wilhelm Gutmann 1967 (interim) Adolf von Thadden 1967-1971 (+1996) Martin Mußgnug 1971-1991 (+1997) Walter Bachmann 1991 (interim) Günter Deckert 1991-1996 Udo Voigt 1996-

Godofredo's "Ang Demokrasya"

Ang demokrasya ay anyo ng pamamahala o gobyerno na kung saan ang disisyon ng pamahalaan ay nakatuon ng tuwiran o di-tuwiran sa malayang pamamaraan na may pagpapasya ng nakararami. Ang prosesong ito ng pulitika ay nakasalalay ang bigat sa karanasang pulitikal, kwalipikayon at kalayaan ng namamahala.

Sa Pilipinas, taong 1986 ng mag-ugat ang Demokrasya at tumayo ang ating bamsa sa pagkakasiil ng pamahalaang militar sa rihimen ng dating Pangulong Ferdinand Marcos, Ang unang diktador sa Pilipinas. Malalim ang pinagmulan ng demokratikong anyo ng pamahalaan sa ating bansa. Ang asasinasyon kay Ninoy Aquino sa Manila Int'l Airport, ang pagpatay sa mga mamahayag at pagkadeklara ng batas militar ay ilan sa mga dahilan kung bakit nagsimulang humingi ng kalayaan ang mga Pilipino.

Taong 1986 sa pangunguna ni dating Pang. Corazon Aquino sinimulang lumaban ang mga Pilipino sa pamamagitan ng snap election. Nanalo ang kanyang partido, kasabay ng pagbaligtad nina Juan Ponce Enrile at Fidel V. Ramos na pawang matataas na pinuno ng militar noong panahong iyon. Nanalo si Gng. Aquino sa snap election at nanaig ang barikada ng mga Pilipinong patuloy na lumalaban sa mapaniil na pamahalaan. Sa kasalukuyan, ang konstitusyon na binuo ng 1987 ang buhay na patunay na tayo ay lumaya at nagkaroon ng demokrasya na magpasahanggang ngayon ay ating tinatamasa.

Ganda ng BATANGAS!

Ganda ng BATANGAS!

Mainit Hot Spring

 

Mainit Hot Spring offers therapeutic waters and a refreshing dip for bathers. The spot is ideally located at the foot of a huge mountain with thick vegetation. 

Location : Barangay Pulang Bato, San Juan 

How to get there : Mainit hot spring is about 15 kilometers of very rough road from the town proper. It can
be reached by private vehicles with high axles.

Travel time : About 10 kilometers south of San Juan town.

Tinalunan

 

This is a spot where wind-tossed waves surge and slam against the rocky cliff supporting a long plateau. From atop the plateu, one can catch a breath taking view of the seascape especially when the weather is calm.

Location : Isla Verde

Cueva Sitio

The site is an ideal place for picnics. Its main attraction is rock shelter that has always provided cool shade for visitors.

Location : Isla Verde

Ilijan Falls

Ilijan is a unique waterfalss with water coming from a big spring at the top of a mountain gracefully flowing from one bowl to another. It has seven huge stone bowls carved naturally out of the mountainsides and beatifully arranged like a flight of stairs.

Location : Barangay Ilijan, Batangas City

How to get there : It is best to travel by boat from Batangas City port to reach the place. 

Travel time : The trip takes about an hour. Upon arrival at the beach of Ilijan, a three- kilometer hike will have to be taken.

Hugon Beach

The white sands of Hugon Beach is one kilometer long. Some parts of the sea floor have smooth rocks but most are sandy. There is a sudden drop-off about ten meters from the beach. The waters of the beach are also good for snorkelinh.

Location : Barangay Hugon, San Juan

How to get there : Barangay Hugon is about 24 kilometers from the town proper of San Juan. The roads are very rough and can only be reached by high axled vehicles. An alternative is by motor boat from Batangas City.

Travel time : The boat ride takes about 3-5 hours depending on the type of the engine of the boat.

Munting Buhangin Beach
This small cove has become a favorite haunt with locals and tourists, and offers water enthusiasts with a fine stretch of powerdy white sand beach fringed with foamy blue waters

Location : Nasugbu

How to get there : Take a banca ride from the coastal barangay of Wawa in the town of Nasugbu. An alternative is a short drive through at the private road in the town proper.

Travel time : The beach can be reached in 10 minutes by car.

Natipuan Beach

Natipuan Beach bears a resemblance to Munting Buhangin, with off-shore sands and refreshing waters. It is located in another cove which is similarly accessible.
Location : Nasugbu
How to get there : Nasugbu can be reached from Manila Via BLTB and Batangas-bound buses. 
Get off at Nasugbu Port for a brief ride to the point.
Travel time : About 12 minutes by boat from the prier of Nasugbu.

Mabuhay Beach
   
It is a two-kilometer long white sand beach situated in the town of Lian facing the China Sea. The are is deal for water sports, such as swimming, boating, yachting, fishing, and skin diving. Dotting the shoreline are several summer cottages.
Location : Matabungkay, Lian
How to get there : From Manila, the place can reached by car through Tagaytay City.
Travel time : About 2 to 3 hours' drive passing Tagaytay City.